นี่คือผลลัพธ์ที่น่าสนใจไม่ใช่ผลลัพธ์ที่ไม่ดี หากไม่มีผู้ลงทะเบียนอื่นนอกเหนือจากเวลาหุ่นฉันคิดว่า OLS = RE = FE (ผมเคยทำการทดลองเพียงไม่กี่กับreg y i.year
, xtreg y i.year, fe
และxtreg y i.year, re
แต่ผมยังไม่ได้รับการพิสูจน์.)
Xit
set more off
clear all
local n 100
local T 5
set seed 1
set obs `=`n'*`T''
gen id = floor((_n-1)/`T')+1
by id, sort: gen year = _n
xtset id year
tempvar a0
gen `a0' = rnormal() if year==1
by id: egen a = mean(`a0')
gen x = a-year+rnormal()
gen y = a+x-0.2*year+rnormal()
drop a
* So far x and y have been generated.
xtreg y x year, fe
est store fe
xtreg y x year, re
hausman fe ., sigma
set more on
คุณจะเห็นว่า FE ให้แนวโน้มเชิงลบ RE ให้แนวโน้มเชิงบวกและการทดสอบ Hausman มีความสำคัญมาก (ด้านบนฉันรวมแนวโน้มเชิงเส้นเพื่อความเรียบง่ายผลลัพธ์จะคล้ายกันเมื่อi.year
ใช้แทน) ฉันคิดว่ามันเป็นแนวโน้มใน X และการปรากฏตัวของเอฟเฟกต์คงที่
. set more off
. clear all
. local n 100
. local T 5
. set seed 1
. set obs `=`n'*`T''
number of observations (_N) was 0, now 500
. gen id = floor((_n-1)/`T')+1
. by id, sort: gen year = _n
. xtset id year
panel variable: id (strongly balanced)
time variable: year, 1 to 5
delta: 1 unit
. tempvar a0
. gen `a0' = rnormal() if year==1
(400 missing values generated)
. by id: egen a = mean(`a0')
. gen x = a-year+rnormal()
. gen y = a+x-0.2*year+rnormal()
. drop a
. * So far x and y have been generated.
. xtreg y x year, fe
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 500
Group variable: id Number of groups = 100
R-sq: Obs per group:
within = 0.8276 min = 5
between = 0.9353 avg = 5.0
overall = 0.8066 max = 5
F(2,398) = 955.57
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.4473 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
y | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
x | .9803594 .0483021 20.30 0.000 .8854004 1.075318
year | -.2207004 .0568937 -3.88 0.000 -.3325502 -.1088506
_cons | .1019471 .1021303 1.00 0.319 -.0988351 .3027294
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | 1.1387103
sigma_e | .97339535
rho | .57779363 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0: F(99, 398) = 3.61 Prob > F = 0.0000
. est store fe
. xtreg y x year, re
Random-effects GLS regression Number of obs = 500
Group variable: id Number of groups = 100
R-sq: Obs per group:
within = 0.8066 min = 5
between = 0.9353 avg = 5.0
overall = 0.8436 max = 5
Wald chi2(2) = 2432.08
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed) Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
y | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
x | 1.40149 .0391177 35.83 0.000 1.32482 1.478159
year | .196468 .0523296 3.75 0.000 .0939039 .299032
_cons | .1267828 .123712 1.02 0.305 -.1156882 .3692539
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .3602397
sigma_e | .97339535
rho | .12046423 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. hausman fe ., sigma
Note: the rank of the differenced variance matrix (1) does not equal the number
of coefficients being tested (2); be sure this is what you expect, or
there may be problems computing the test. Examine the output of your
estimators for anything unexpected and possibly consider scaling your
variables so that the coefficients are on a similar scale.
---- Coefficients ----
| (b) (B) (b-B) sqrt(diag(V_b-V_B))
| fe . Difference S.E.
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
x | .9803594 1.40149 -.4211302 .0389278
year | -.2207004 .196468 -.4171684 .0385616
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b = consistent under Ho and Ha; obtained from xtreg
B = inconsistent under Ha, efficient under Ho; obtained from xtreg
Test: Ho: difference in coefficients not systematic
chi2(1) = (b-B)'[(V_b-V_B)^(-1)](b-B)
= 117.03
Prob>chi2 = 0.0000
. set more on