การเปลี่ยนแปลงแบบยืดหยุ่น: ยืด (หรือหด) เพื่อให้พอดีกับเนื้อหา

var expanded = '';

$(document).on("click", ".div:not(:first-child)", function(e) {

  var thisInd =$(this).index();
  
  if(expanded != thisInd) {
    //fit clicked fluid div to its content and reset the other fluid divs 
    $(this).css("width", "400%");
    $('.div').not(':first').not(this).css("width", "100%");
    expanded = thisInd;
  } else {
    //reset all fluid divs
    $('.div').not(':first').css("width", "100%");
    expanded = '';
  }
});

.wrapper {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 20px;
  border: 1px solid black;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.div {
  overflow: hidden;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-right: 1px solid black;
  text-align:center;
}

.div:first-child {
  min-width: 36px;
  background: #999;
}

.div:not(:first-child) {
  width: 100%;
  transition: width 1s;
}

.div:not(:first-child) span {
  background: #ddd;
}

.div:last-child {
  border-right: 0px;
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

Click on the div you want to fit/reset (except the first div)

<div class="wrapper">

  <div class="div"><span>Fixed</span></div>
  <div class="div"><span>Fluid (long long long long long text)</span></div>
  <div class="div"><span>Fluid</span></div>
  <div class="div"><span>Fluid</span></div>

</div>

var tableWidth;
var expanded	   = '';
var fixedDivWidth  = 0;
var flexPercentage = 100/($('.column').length-1);

$(document).ready(function() {

    // Set width of first fixed column
    $('.column:first-child .cell .fit').each(function() {
        var tempFixedDivWidth = $(this)[0].getBoundingClientRect().width;
        if( tempFixedDivWidth > fixedDivWidth ){fixedDivWidth = tempFixedDivWidth;}
    });
    $('.column:first-child'  ).css('min-width',fixedDivWidth+'px')
	
    //Reset all fluid columns
    $('.column').not(':first').css('flex','1 1 '+flexPercentage+'%')
})

$(window).resize( function() {

    //Reset all fluid columns
    $('.column').not(':first').css('flex','1 1 '+flexPercentage+'%')	
    expanded   = '';
})

$(document).on("click", ".column:not(:first-child)", function(e) {
	
    var thisInd =$(this).index();	
	
    // if first click on a fluid column
    if(expanded != thisInd) 
    {
        var fitDivWidth=0;
    
        // Set width of selected fluid column
        $(this).find('.fit').each(function() {
            var c = $(this)[0].getBoundingClientRect().width;
            if( c > fitDivWidth ){fitDivWidth = c;}
        });
        tableWidth = $('.mainTable')[0].getBoundingClientRect().width; 
        $(this).css('flex','0 0 '+ 100/(tableWidth/fitDivWidth) +'%')
		
        // Use remaining space equally for all other fluid column
        $('.column').not(':first').not(this).css('flex','1 1 '+flexPercentage+'%')
		
        expanded = thisInd;
    }

    // if second click on a fluid column
    else
    {
        //Reset all fluid columns
        $('.column').not(':first').css('flex','1 1 '+flexPercentage+'%')

        expanded = '';
    }
  
});

body{
    font-family: 'Arial';
    font-size: 12px;
    padding: 20px;
}

.mainTable {
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid black;
    display: flex;
    margin-top : 20px;
}

.cell{
    height: 32px;
    border-top: 1px solid black;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.cell:first-child{
    background: #ccc;
    border-top: none;
}

.column {
    border-right: 1px solid black;
    transition: flex 0.4s;
    overflow: hidden;
    line-height: 32px;
    text-align: center;
}

.column:first-child {
    background: #ccc;
}

.column:last-child {
  border-right: 0px;
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<span class="text">Click on the header div you want to fit/reset (except the first one which is fixed)</span>

<div class="mainTable">
    <div class="column">
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Propriété</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Artisan 45</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Waterloo 528</span></div>	    
    </div>
		  
    <div class="column">	    
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Adresse</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Rue du puit n° 45 (E2)</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Chaussée de Waterloo n° 528 (E1)</span></div>	    
    </div>
		
    <div class="column">	    
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Commune</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Ixelles</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Watermael-Boitsfort</span></div>	    
    </div>
		    
    <div class="column">	    
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Ville</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Marche-en-Famenne</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Bruxelles</span></div>	    
    </div>
		  
    <div class="column">
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">Surface</span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">120 m<sup>2</sup></span></div>
        <div class="cell"><span class="fit">350 m<sup>2</sup></span></div>	    
    </div>
</div>

var expanded = false,
    divs = $(".div:not(:first-child)"),
    divsLength = divs.length,
    extraSpace = 39, //fixed width + border-right widths 
    defaultMaxWidth = "calc((100% - " + extraSpace + "px)/" + divsLength + ")";

    divs.css("max-width", defaultMaxWidth);

$(document).on("click", ".div:not(:first-child)", function (e) {
  var thisInd = $(this).index();

  if (expanded !== thisInd) {
    
    var textWidth = $(this).find('span')[0].getBoundingClientRect().width;  
    var restWidth = "calc((100% - " + textWidth + "px - " + extraSpace + "px)/" + (divsLength - 1) + ")";
    
    //fit clicked fluid div to its content and reset the other fluid divs 
    $(this).css({ "max-width": textWidth });
    $('.div').not(':first').not(this).css({ "max-width": restWidth });
    expanded = thisInd;
  } else {
    //reset all fluid divs
    $('.div').not(':first').css("max-width", defaultMaxWidth);
    expanded = false;
  }
});

.wrapper {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 20px;
  border: 1px solid black;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.div {
  overflow: hidden;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-right: 1px solid black;
  text-align:center;
}

.div:first-child {
  min-width: 36px;
  background: #999;
}

.div:not(:first-child) {
  flex: 1;
  transition: max-width 1s;
}

.div:not(:first-child) span {
  background: #ddd;
}

.div:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

Click on the div you want to fit/reset (except the first div)

<div class="wrapper">

  <div class="div"><span>Fixed</span></div>
  <div class="div"><span>Fluid (long long long long text)</span></div>
  <div class="div"><span>Fluid</span></div>
  <div class="div"><span>Fluid</span></div>

</div>