ฉันมีที่เก็บข้อมูลมากมายที่ไม่มี armhf ไบนารี (สำหรับ RPi cross-compiler) ดังนั้นapt-get
ให้ข้อผิดพลาด 404 กับฉันเสมอในการอัพเดตรายการแพ็กเกจ นอกจากนี้ยังป้องกันไม่ให้ฉันทำงานdo-release-upgrade
เนื่องจากไม่สามารถหาไบนารีระบบที่คอมไพล์ armhf ได้ซึ่งไม่จำเป็นและไม่สามารถทำงานต่อไปได้
ฉันกำลังมองหาวิธีที่จะบอกให้ค้นหาเฉพาะส่วนโค้งเฉพาะในที่เก็บข้อมูลบางแห่งเพื่อให้ฉันสามารถแก้ไขกำแพงขนาดใหญ่ในยุค 404 apt-get update
ได้ Google ไม่มีความช่วยเหลือ ดังนั้นเท่าที่ฉันรู้ว่านี่ไม่ใช่ล่อลวง; และคำถามหนึ่งที่อาจเกี่ยวข้องกันนั้นเกี่ยวกับข้อผิดพลาดของ GPG ซึ่งฉันไม่มีเลย
sources.list:
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1)]/ saucy main restricted
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1)]/ saucy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted i386 amd64
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted amd64 i386
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates main restricted amd64 i386
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates main restricted amd64 i386
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty multiverse i386 amd64
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty multiverse i386 amd64
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates multiverse i386 amd64
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates multiverse i386 amd64
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe i386 amd64
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse i386 amd64
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse i386 amd64
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu saucy partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu saucy partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main amd64 i386
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main i386 amd64
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse amd64 i386
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse i386 amd64
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu saucy partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu saucy partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main amd64 i386
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/bitcoin/bitcoin/ubuntu trusty main amd64 i386
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/bitcoin/bitcoin/ubuntu trusty main amd64 i386
## Depôt MultiSystem
deb http://liveusb.info/multisystem/depot all main amd64 i386
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu trusty main amd64
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu karmic main amd64
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon/ubuntu karmic main amd64
deb http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/ trusty main amd64 i386
deb-src http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/ trusty main amd64 i386
#Raspberry Pi APT for cross-compiler
deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ wheezy main contrib non-free rpi armhf
ผลลัพธ์ของapt-get update
:
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Ign http://liveusb.info all InRelease
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty InRelease
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
Get:1 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy InRelease [14.9 kB]
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://liveusb.info all Release.gpg
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy InRelease
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty Release
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release
Hit http://liveusb.info all Release
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty Release
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://liveusb.info all/main amd64 Packages
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports InRelease
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release.gpg [933 B]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release.gpg [933 B]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Ign https://private-ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/main armhf Packages/DiffIndex
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports Release.gpg [933 B]
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/contrib armhf Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net karmic InRelease
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/non-free armhf Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net karmic InRelease
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release [62.0 kB]
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/rpi armhf Packages/DiffIndex
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release [62.0 kB]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main armhf Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net karmic Release.gpg
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports Release [62.0 kB]
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net karmic Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Sources [143 kB]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net karmic Release
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Sources [1,408 B]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net karmic Release
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Sources [52.8 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Sources [14 B]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Sources [17.4 kB]
Ign https://private-ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Translation-en_US
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main Sources [4,060 B]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted Sources [14 B]
Ign https://private-ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Translation-en
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe Sources [17.3 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse Sources [1,883 B]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net karmic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net karmic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main armhf Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main i386 Packages
Get:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Translation-en [15.3 kB]
Hit http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/main armhf Packages
Hit http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/contrib armhf Packages
Hit http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/non-free armhf Packages
Hit http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/rpi armhf Packages
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/contrib amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/non-free amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/rpi amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/amd64 amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main armhf Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/armhf amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/armhf armhf Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/amd64 armhf Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/contrib i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/non-free i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/amd64 i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/rpi i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/amd64 Translation-en_US
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/main Sources
404 Not Found
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/armhf i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/amd64 Sources
404 Not Found
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/armhf Translation-en_US
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/amd64 Translation-en
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/i386 Sources
404 Not Found
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/armhf Translation-en
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Translation-en_US
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/amd64 amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/contrib Translation-en_US
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/i386 amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Translation-en
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/main armhf Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/contrib Translation-en
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/amd64 armhf Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/main Translation-en_US
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/i386 armhf Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/main Translation-en
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/amd64 i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/non-free Translation-en_US
Err http://files.avast.com trusty/i386 i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/non-free Translation-en
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty/amd64 Translation-en_US
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty/amd64 Translation-en
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/rpi Translation-en_US
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty/i386 Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy/rpi Translation-en
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty/i386 Translation-en
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://files.avast.com trusty/main Translation-en
Fetched 457 kB in 15s (29.7 kB/s)
W: GPG error: http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org wheezy InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 9165938D90FDDD2E
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release Unable to find expected entry 'amd64/binary-amd64/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/dists/stable/Release Unable to find expected entry 'main/binary-armhf/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://liveusb.info/multisystem/depot/dists/all/Release Unable to find expected entry 'amd64/binary-amd64/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/contrib/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/non-free/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/rpi/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/armhf/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/armhf/binary-armhf/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/contrib/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/non-free/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/rpi/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/wheezy/armhf/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 2001:41c9:1:3ce::11 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://dl.google.com/linux/talkplugin/deb/dists/stable/Release Unable to find expected entry 'main/binary-armhf/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release Unable to find expected entry 'i386/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/amd64/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/i386/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/amd64/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/i386/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/main/binary-armhf/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/amd64/binary-armhf/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/i386/binary-armhf/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/amd64/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://files.avast.com/lin/repo/dists/trusty/i386/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release Unable to find expected entry 'amd64/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-updates/Release Unable to find expected entry 'amd64/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-security/Release Unable to find expected entry 'i386/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-backports/Release Unable to find expected entry 'i386/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/bitcoin/bitcoin/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release Unable to find expected entry 'amd64/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu/dists/karmic/Release Unable to find expected entry 'amd64/binary-amd64/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon/ubuntu/dists/karmic/Release Unable to find expected entry 'amd64/binary-amd64/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu/dists/trusty/amd64/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-armhf/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu/dists/trusty/amd64/binary-armhf/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/wii.sceners.linux/wiithon-1.1/ubuntu/dists/trusty/amd64/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
dkpg arches: i386, amd64, armhf
ฉันใช้คอมไพเลอร์ข้าม ARM เพราะ Raspberry Pi ช้ามากในการรวบรวมสิ่งที่มีขนาดใหญ่กว่าและขัดข้องในวัตถุที่มีขนาดใหญ่บางอย่างแม้จะมี swapfile 4GB บนไดรฟ์ภายนอก